The Dubbo Hospital has seen some changes over its lifetime. The hospital was first designed by the architect G.A. Hartley in 1866, and was almost fully built in 1867 for 200 pounds. It was officially opened in 1870, and by 1874 it housed over 80 patients.

The opening of the hospital was viewed as an effort to improve the facilities available within the area, and halt the flow of labourers departing for the goldfields of Gulgong and Mudgee.

In 2021 -- 151 years after its opening -- the Dubbo Base Hospital upgrade was completed at a cost of $250 million. Almost 40,000 patients were treated in the Emergency Department with approximately 23,000 patients accommodated within wards in the following year.